OGFC混合料设计参数影响因素研究

近年来有关专家学者对OGFC沥青混合料的物理及力学性能差异性研究较多,但对相应的成型因素对设计参数的影响研究较少。为此,针对OGFC-13混合料成型因素对其性能影响,进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明:对改性沥青拌制的OGFC混合料而言,最佳的施工温度应尽量控制在160~180℃之间;采用同一级配时,油石比的变化对马歇尔指标变化也有一定的影响;击实75次是临界值。     

船用桨后固定组合叶轮节能效果研究

船用桨后固定组合叶轮是一种新型螺旋桨节能装置。为了解其节能机理并验证节能效果,基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法对该问题进行研究。首先选用B4-65螺旋桨进行敞水数值模拟,验证计算模型和方法的正确性;然后重点对螺旋桨在加装桨后固定组合叶轮后的水动力性能进行模拟。结果表明:桨后固定组合叶轮能够较好地削弱螺旋桨后方的梢涡与毂涡,回收尾流能量。而且该节能装置能与螺旋桨产生有利干扰,增加桨叶上的推力。在低进速区(J0.4)时,该节能装置能达到2%以上的节能效果。     

船闸闸室明沟形式及消能效果分析

船闸侧墙廊道闸室明沟消能工布置及消能效果的优劣,直接影响闸室内船舶所受系缆力大小及停泊安全。利用局部模型,在恒定流情况下,对侧墙廊道闸室内布置单明沟机加槛、双明沟及三明沟消能工充水过程进行试验研究;分析和比较各明沟形式的剩余比能、动能及流场分布,综合评判各形式明沟消能工的消能特性,并在整体模型上进行了试验验证。研究结果表明:三种明沟形式比较,三明沟布置消能效果最优。双明沟消能形式较单明沟消能水体增大较多,消能工布置灵活,消能空间大,水流分布亦较单明沟更为均匀,在减小闸室内横向水流对船舶作用力方面较单明沟形式优越。因此,综合比较,双明沟消能效果较单明沟要好。     

行波激励下穿越断层隧道的地震响应分析

从土—结构相互作用模型出发,运用数值分析方法对行波作用下跨不同断层宽度的隧道结构进行了三维弹塑性分析,以研究其地震动力响应特性.从计算结果可得,在断层影响范围内隧道的水平位移、竖向位移和最大主应力均出现明显增大的现象;随着断层宽度的增加,其水平位移和竖向位移均变大,其两侧影响范围也变大,而其最大主应力变化不明显.     

砂土层中盾构隧道竖向土压力的转移机理及其计算

开展了Trapdoor试验来模拟砂土层中盾构隧道的开挖,研究了Trapdoor上部竖向土压力的转移机理,总结了国内外土拱区侧压力系数K的取值,与试验结果进行了对比并给出其建议值。分析结果表明,隧道上覆土体通过拱效应把作用在衬砌管片上的部分竖向土压力传递到两边不动土体,从而导致竖向土压力明显减小,而水平向土压力有所增加;当土拱效应充分发挥时,按侧压力系数K=1计算得到的Trapdoor上部竖向土压力与试验结果比较接近。     

行波效应下大跨钢管混凝土拱桥的非线性地震响应分析

对大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥在三维地震激励下进行了非线性时程分析.几何非线性分析采用修正拉格朗日描述(U.L列式法),材料非线性采用钢管混凝土统一理论并考虑等效紧箍力,通过对某大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的非线性地震响应分析,研究了几何非线性、材料非线性、阻尼比及行波效应对拱桥地震响应的影响.结果表明:几何非线性对钢管混凝土拱桥地震...     

Evolving competition between Hong Kong and Shenzhen ports

Shenzhen Port (SZP), once a negligible local port, has risen dramatically to a world-leading container port and an “equal” player with Hong Kong Port (HKP). Will this market share reallocation continue, or will equilibrium be eventually realized for HKP to prosper continuously? We examine the relationship between these two ports to answer this question. We propose a new transformation method to describe the growth of container cargo transport demand, define the quantitative measures of the competition relationship and port competitiveness, and present a rigorous analytical framework with econometric tests and models to understand the true relationship between HKP and SZP. Direct empirical tests suggest that SZP complements HKP; however, the two ports exhibit strong competition when the effect of demand growth is excluded. Considering transshipment separately, we find that the impact of SZP on HKP is negative in transshipment but complementary in direct shipment. We may conclude that HKP does not affect SZP, whereas SZP has competitive power over HKP. These results are consistent with the findings of some previous theoretical studies.     

改进振动法在地下工程动力时程计算中的应用

地下工程受到周围土体的约束作用,其动力反映与地面工程有所区别,如将源于地面工程的振动法用于地下工程的动力时程计算分析,需要进行相应的改进.文章通过计算分析发现,振动法用于地下工程动力时程计算时,在计算模型边界条件和波动传播时间效应方面不能反映波动对地下工程作用的实质；通过对比分析,在这两个方面对常规振动法进行了改进；提出了适用于地下工程动力时程计算的改进振动法.该方法的计算模型采用左右两侧粘弹性底部固定的人工边界条件,波动输入采用能够反映波动传播时间效应的分层加速度动态输入法,其计算分析结果与理论解吻合较好,适用于地下工程的动力时程计算分析.     

Port authorities view state coastal management programs

Abstract

An estuarine sanctuary is a store of public values due to the ecological, cultural, recreational, aesthetic, historic, and economic services provided by the preserve. These values may be expected to increase over time because of (1) growth in the population demanding estuarine services, (2) growth in the willingness to pay for such services, and (3) growth in the actual quality and quantity of services which are provided by a protected natural system. Thus an estuarine sanctuary will be more valuable to future generations than to current generations. When weighing the cost and benefits of a preservation or development decision, a preservation decision which seems currently undesirable may in fact be socially beneficial when growth in the value of estuarine services is included.     

Will a driving restriction policy reduce car trips?—The case study of Beijing,China

A driving restriction policy, as one of the control-and-command rationing measures, is a politically acceptable policy tool to address traffic congestion and air pollution in some countries and cities in the world. Beijing is the first city in China to implement this policy. A one-day-a-week driving restriction scheme was expected to take 20% of cars off the road every week day. Using household survey and travel diary data, we analyze the short-term effect of this driving restriction policy on individual travel mode choice. The data also allow us to identify which demographic groups are more likely to break the restriction rule. The estimates reveal that the restriction policy in Beijing does not have significant influence on individuals’ decisions to drive, as compared with the policy’s influence on public transit. The rule-breaking behavior is constant and pervasive. We found that 47.8% of the regulated car owners didn’t follow the restriction rules, and drove “illegally” to their destination places. On average, car owners who traveled during peak hours and/or for work trips, and whose destinations were farther away from the city center or subway stations, were more likely to break the driving restriction rules. Therefore, Beijing is probably in need of more comprehensive and palatable policy instruments (e.g., a combination of congestion tolls, parking fees, fuel taxes, and high-speed transit facilities) to effectively alleviate traffic congestion and air pollution.